Regular Expressions
A regular expressions is a standard way of using text to form a search to match patterns.
Similar to using an asterisk like this: *.jpg
in a search box to find all JPEG files, you can use a regular expression (along with something like grep) to match much more complex patterns.
For example, you could use:
\b[A-Z0-9._%+-]+@[A-Z0-9.-]+\.[A-Z]{2,}\b
to search for any e-mail addresses in a file